Journal of Environmental Education Research and

Sustainable Development

 

(JEERESD)

License

 

© 2023 The Authors

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

 

The Journal of Environmental Education Research and Sustainable Development

 

Volume 1, Issue 1 (3) (2023

 

Received 27 September 2022;

Received in revised form 10 October 2022; Accepted November 2022; Available online 3 January

 

Published by EcoClean Environment Company

Effects of Chlorpyrifos-Based Pesticide Formulation on the Mouse (Mus musculus) Neuronal Cell Line (N2a): Neurotoxicity and Inflammatory Response

 

Wei Chen Lia

Department of Environmental Science, Beijing university, China

 

 Xiao Zhanga

Department of Environmental Science, Beijing university, China

 

Jian Minga

Department of Environmental Science, Beijing university, China

 

 

Abstract

Background: The widespread use of pesticides has raised concerns about their potential impacts on non-target species and environmental health. Chlorpyrifos, a commonly used organophosphate insecticide, has been linked to neurotoxic effects, but its impact on neuronal cells at the cellular level needs further investigation.

 

Methods: This study evaluated the neurotoxicity and inflammatory response of a chlorpyrifos-based pesticide formulation using the mouse (Mus musculus) neuronal cell line (N2a). Characterization of the pesticide formulation included gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thermal analyses (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)).

 

Results: Neurotoxicity assays, including the [3(4,5-dimethyl)-2 bromide-5 diphenyl tetrazolium] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, showed IC50 values of 5.23 µg/mL and 3.78 µg/mL, respectively. The median IC50 of 4.51 µg/mL was used in inflammatory response assays, revealing increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and elevated nitric oxide (NO) levels. Additionally, the expression of inflammatory markers, such as COX-2 and iNOS, was upregulated.

 

Conclusion: This study is the first to report in vitro neurotoxicity and inflammatory responses induced by chlorpyrifos in the N2a cell line, highlighting the importance of in vitro assays for assessing the toxic effects of pesticide formulations on neuronal health and the environment.

 

Keys words: Chlorpyrifos Pesticide formulation Neuroblastoma cells (N2a) Cytotoxicity Mitochondrial viability Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release

 

References

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Barr, D. B., et al. (2002). Concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the U.S. population. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(11), 1155-1159.

Bouchard, M. F., Chevrier, J., Harley, K. G., Kogut, K., Vedar, M., Calderon, N., ... & Eskenazi, B. (2011). Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and IQ in 7-year-old children. Environmental health perspectives, 119(8), 1189-1195.

Borenfreund, E., & Puerner, J. A. (1985). Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption. Toxicology letters, 24(2-3), 229-234.

Casida, J. E., & Quistad, G. B. (2004). Organophosphate insecticides: an overview of their chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology. In Chemistry of Pesticides (pp. 63-131).

Springer, New York, NY. Caughlan, R., Phelan, K., McDonagh, T., & Cairns, M. J. (2017). Chlorpyrifos induces inflammatory responses in human astrocyte‐like cells. Journal of neurochemistry, 141(5), 695-708.

Chen, H., et al. (2011). Thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of chlorpyrifos. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 104(1), 247-253.

Eaton, D. L., Daroff, R. B., & Autrup, H. (2008). Chlorpyrifos: evaluation of health risks to infants and children. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 50(3), 307-315.

Gupta, R. C., et al. (2010). Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress and membrane damage in human erythrocytes. Toxicology, 270(1-2), 1-7.

Ki, D. W., Jeong, W. S., & Park, H. S. (2013). Chlorpyrifos induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 27(3), 1087-1094

Mahamat Abakar , Fatime Djibrine , Ahmat Idriss , Hawa Mahamat

The Journal of Environmental Education Research and Sustainable Development Volume 1, Issue 2 (2023)

Mahamat Abakar , Fatime Djibrine , Ahmat Idriss , Hawa Mahamat

The Journal of Environmental Education Research and Sustainable Development Volume 1, Issue 2 (2023)

Publication Information

 

Publisher:

EcoClean Environment Company

Editor-in-Chief:

 

Prof. Adebayo Okoro Ifunya

 

Institution: Ecoclean Environment Compay, Nigeria

Position: Professor of Environmental Science

Expertise: Environmental education, sustainable development, climate change education

Profile: Prof. Adebayo is a renowned environmental scientist with extensive research experience in environmental education and sustainable development. He has published numerous articles in international journals and has been a key advocate for environmental education in Nigeria.

 

Editorial Board:

Editorial Board for the Journal of Environmental Education Research and Sustainable Development (JEERESD)

 

1. Dr. Chinwe  Oluwaseun

Institution: University of Lagos, Nigeria

Position: Associate Professor of Public Health

Expertise: Public health, environmental health, community engagement

Profile: Dr. Okoro specializes in public health and environmental health, with a focus on community engagement and health education. She has led several research projects aimed at improving public health outcomes in Nigeria.

 

2. Dr. Amina Nwachukwu

Institution: Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Position: Senior Lecturer in Environmental Management

Expertise: Environmental management, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem ecology

Profile: Dr. Musa is an expert in environmental management and biodiversity conservation. Her research focuses on the ecological interactions within Nigerian forest ecosystems and the development of sustainable management practices.

 

3. Dr. Emeka  Musa

Institution: Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

Position: Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering

Expertise: Environmental engineering, sustainable technologies, eco-innovation

Profile: Dr. Nwachukwu is an environmental engineer with a strong background in sustainable technologies and eco-innovation. His research aims to develop and implement environmentally friendly technologies in Nigeria.

 

4. Dr. Bola Adeyemi

Institution: Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Position: Associate Professor of Environmental Law

Expertise: Environmental law, policy, and governance

Profile: Dr. Adeyemi is an expert in environmental law and policy. Her research focuses on the legal frameworks and governance structures that support sustainable development and environmental justice in Nigeria.

 

5. Prof. Kofi Amoah

Institution: University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

Position: Professor of Environmental Science

Expertise: Environmental education, climate change, sustainable development

Profile: Prof. Amoah is a leading environmental scientist in Ghana, with a strong focus on environmental education and sustainable development. He has contributed significantly to the development of environmental education programs in West Africa.

 

6. Dr. Fatima El-Sayed

Institution: University of Khartoum, Sudan

Position: Associate Professor of Environmental Studies

Expertise: Environmental studies, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem ecology

Profile: Dr. El-Sayed is an expert in environmental studies and biodiversity conservation. Her research focuses on the ecological dynamics of Sudanese ecosystems and the development of conservation strategies.

 

7. Dr. Mohamed Ali

Institution: University of Nairobi, Kenya

Position: Senior Lecturer in Environmental Management

Expertise: Environmental management, sustainable development, community engagement

Profile: Dr. Ali specializes in environmental management and sustainable development. His research focuses on community engagement and the development of sustainable management practices in Kenya.

 

8. Dr. Naledi Mokgokong

Institution: University of Pretoria, South Africa

Position: Associate Professor of Environmental Science

Expertise: Environmental science, climate change, sustainable development

Profile: Dr. Mokgokong is an environmental scientist with a focus on climate change and sustainable development. Her research aims to develop strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change in South Africa.

9. Dr Habiba Ben Yahia

Institution: University of Tunis, Tunisia

Position: Associate Professor of Environmental Education

Expertise: Environmental education, sustainable development, community engagement

Profile: Dr. Ben Yahia is an expert in environmental education and sustainable development. Her research focuses on community engagement and the development of educational programs that promote sustainable development in Tunisia.

 

 

 

 

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